2.虚拟语气用于名词性从句
(1)主语从句
It is important, required, etc.+主语从句
在It is+表示要求、建议、必要、命令等意思的形容词或分词+主语从句的结构中,要用should+动词原形的虚拟语气,should可省略。这类形容词和分词有:advised, advisable, better, desired, desirable, demanded, essential, imperative,important, natural, necessary, ordered, proposed, possible, probable, preferable, required, recommended, suggested, strange, urgent, incredible等;这个结构也可以是it is a pity, it is a wonder, it is a shame等。
如:It's necessary (that) we (should) start to do the work right away.
我们必须立刻开始这项工作。
(2)宾语从句
①suggest,require,order,etc.+宾语从句
在一些表示建议、愿望、要求、请求、劝告、意志、欲望、命令、安排、决定等动词引导的宾语从句中,要用虚拟语气。其形式是should+动词原形。肯定句式中should可以省略,而仅用动词原形。这类动词有:
ask, require, request, demand, pray, insist, desire, maintain, propose, suggest, move, urge, advise, recommend, command, order, arrange, decide筹。
如:She demanded (that) the paper (should) be rewritten.她要求重写论文。
②wish+宾语从句
宾语从句谓语 | |
与现实愿望相反 | 一般过去式(动词be用were) |
与过去愿望相反 | had+过去分词 |
将来不大可能发生的愿望 | would/should+动词原形 |
I wish I were as strong as you. 我多希望自己和你一样强壮。
I wish I had not failed the chemistry examination. 我多希望自己通过了化学测试。
I wish I would become a pilot when I grow up.我多希望长大以后能当一名飞行员。
注意:hope与wish不同,后面接宾语从句一般表示真实情况,其愿望一般可以实现。
I hope it will be fine tomorrow.
“had hoped”则表示一种过去未实现的愿望,宾语从句用“would+动词原形”来表示。
I had hoped Tom would attend the meeting.
③would rather/had rather/would sooner+宾语从句
一般would rather, had rather, would sooner, would just as soon等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。
如:I’d just as soon you had been here yesterday.
要是你昨天在这就好了。
(3)表语从句和同位语从句
在一些表示愿望、建议、要求、命令等意义的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句后,谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这类名词有:advice, decision, idea, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, suggestion, opinion等。
如:My idea is that they(should) pay 100 dollars.
3.虚拟语气用于其他句型
(1)as if/as though/even if/even though+ 方式状语从句/表语从句
主句谓语 | 从句谓语 | |
与现在事实相反 | 非虚拟情况 | 动词过去式(动词be用were) |
与过去事实相反 | had+过去分词 | |
与可能发生的事相反 | would/should+动词原形 |
(2)lest/for fear(that) /in case+目的状语从句
这类状语从句表示担心、忧虑,谓语动词用(should)+动词原形构成。
如:I’m telling you this lest you (should) doubt my sincerity.
(3)It’s (high/about)time+定语从句
It’s (high/about)time(time)……表示“(早)该做某事了”,定语从句中的谓语动词有两种形式:动词的过去式或“should+动词原形(较少见且should不能省略)”。
(4) if only引导的感叹句
if only表示一种愿望或是向往的假设,意为“要是……就好了,但愿……”。这个句型中的语序是正常语序,不倒装。其谓语动词的虚拟形式与wish引导宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟形式相同。
如:If only I were a bird.
(5)虚拟语气的其他用法
①had+expected/hoped/supposed etc.表示希望、设想、预期而未实现的过去动作。
如:I had expected l would pass the driving test.
③表示祝愿。
如:May our long standing friendship last forever!
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